And I always thought ‘you know what, once I get my shot, I’m gonna be ready. It’s obvious by now, six other quarterbacks taken and 198 other picks. He commented, “A lot of people don’t believe in you. Motivation is thus a result of our interacting with situations to satisfy unmet needs or to resolve cognitive dissonance.Įxhibit 14.3 Tom Brady At the University of Michigan, Tom Brady was always a backup to high-potential quarterbacks and was a sixth-round draft pick after his college career. We perceive the situation as satisfying our needs, or not. In both cases, motivation arises out of our interaction with and perception of a particular situation. We either change the situation, or we change our perception of it. When we find ourselves in situations inconsistent with our beliefs, values, or expectations, we endeavor to eliminate the inconsistency. The same is true for situations in which we experience conflicting thoughts. When a need is unfulfilled, we are motivated to engage in behaviors that will satisfy it. Our other needs operate in a similar manner. When we are hungry, we are energized to satisfy that need by securing and ingesting food. Certain needs are fundamental to our existence, like the need for food and water. There are many ways in which we describe and categorize human needs, as we will see later in this chapter. The word stems from its Latin root movere, which means “to move.” Generally speaking, motivation arises as a consequence of a person’s desire to (1) fulfill unmet needs or (2) resolve conflicting thoughts that produce anxiety (an unpleasant experience). Within the body, examples might be needs, personal values, and goals, while an incentive might be seen as a force outside of the body. Motivation is a force within or outside of the body that energizes, directs, and sustains human behavior. Motivation is the fourth major factor that determines whether a person will perform a task well. Students who are working full time and carrying a full load of classes may not do as well on an exam as they would if they could cut back on their work hours, despite the fact that they have high ability and high motivation. A word processor who has to work with a defective personal computer is certainly not going to perform at peak levels, regardless of ability or desire. Some factors facilitate performance, while others constrain it. Many environmental factors influence performance. The performance environment refers to those factors that impact employees’ performance but are essentially out of their control. Incomplete or inaccurate role perceptions limit employees’ capacity to meet expectations, regardless of their abilities and motivation. An employee who has accurate role perceptions knows both their expected outcomes and how to go about making those outcomes a reality. This includes the goals (outcomes) the person is expected to achieve and the process by which the goals will be achieved. 1Īccurate role perceptions refer to how well an individual understands their organizational role. Some people have more ability than others, and high-ability people generally perform better than low-ability people (although we will see that this is not always the case). Receptiveness to learning is a function of how quickly a person acquires new knowledge. Skill is their capacity to perform some particular activity (like welding or accounting), including knowing what is expected of them (called accurate role perceptions). Define motivation and distinguish direction and intensity of motivation.Ībility refers to the knowledge, skills, and receptiveness to learning that a person brings to a task or job.
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